Investigating Yield Variability and Technical Efficiency of Smallholders Pineapple Production in Johor

This research investigates the efficiency of pineapple production in Malaysia using stochastic frontier model with flexible risk features and a sample 290 farms by smallholders Johor. The results study indicate that trans log is best match for mean output function, while input factors, such as sucker, fertilizer, agrochemicals, labor, hormones, have positive effect on yield rising returns to scale. also finds fertilizers hormones are increasing inputs, whilst sucker classified decreasing input. total farm-specific characteristics account difference technical efficiency, which estimated be 68.1%. shows that, average, 31.9 percent potential wasted owing inefficiency risks inputs. However, optimal facilitated application agricultural techniques.